Respiratory viruses are on the rise, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is warning the public about a surge in influenza A, COVID-19, and norovirus (stomach flu). But there’s a fourth virus to keep an eye on—respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which causes cold-like symptoms and primarily impacts the breathing passages and lungs.
As of the week ending December 28, wastewater monitoring systems have shown “moderate” levels of RSV across the United States. This marks the first time RSV levels have reached moderate since January 2024. Previously, wastewater levels of the virus had remained low or minimal. The CDC’s wastewater data acts as an early warning system, helping public health officials track the spread of illnesses even before symptoms are widely visible in the population.
Why Respiratory Viruses Are on the Rise
The winter months are known for their increased spread of respiratory viruses, as people spend more time indoors. The combination of colder temperatures and drier air can weaken the immune system, while also providing a more favorable environment for these viruses to thrive. The CDC highlights that, in addition to RSV, influenza and COVID-19 are contributing to an uptick in cases.
Wastewater testing has become an essential tool in detecting early signs of respiratory illness surges, providing vital data for healthcare professionals to prevent widespread outbreaks. Even when people are not showing visible symptoms, testing wastewater can identify the presence of infectious diseases like COVID-19, flu, and RSV.
How to Tell the Difference Between Flu, COVID-19, and a Cold
Respiratory viruses like the flu, COVID-19, and the common cold share many similar symptoms, making it difficult to identify the specific virus without testing. For instance, cough, fever, and fatigue are common across these illnesses. However, some symptoms can provide clues:
- COVID-19: Often presents with fatigue, muscle aches, and a dry cough. Fever is less common with COVID-19 than with the flu.
- Flu: Typically causes fever, body aches, and a headache. A cough is usually wet and productive, as opposed to the dry cough commonly seen with COVID-19.
- Common Cold: Usually features a runny nose, sore throat, and mild congestion, with little to no fever or body aches.
While symptoms overlap, seeking a COVID-19, flu, or RSV test remains the most accurate way to determine the exact illness.
The Flu’s Growing Impact
The 2023-2024 flu season has seen a significant number of cases and hospitalizations. According to the CDC, there have been approximately 5.3 million flu illnesses, 63,000 hospitalizations, and 2,700 deaths so far. The flu has led to 470,000 hospitalizations and 28,000 deaths during the entire 2023-2024 season.
To help mitigate the impact of the flu, the CDC strongly encourages flu vaccination. It takes about two weeks for the vaccine to provide full protection, and it remains beneficial in preventing severe illness throughout the rest of flu season.
Dr. Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner, a medical epidemiologist with the CDC’s Influenza Division, emphasized the importance of getting vaccinated sooner rather than later to ensure protection from the flu’s worst effects. “The flu season still has weeks to go, so getting a flu shot now will still provide protection,” Azziz-Baumgartner said.
Stay Vigilant and Take Preventative Measures
With the rise in respiratory illnesses, it’s essential to stay vigilant and practice good hygiene to protect yourself and others. Frequent handwashing, wearing masks in crowded areas, and avoiding close contact with those who are sick are all key to preventing the spread of respiratory viruses.
As the flu season continues, and with RSV and COVID-19 also circulating, it’s important to stay informed and follow public health guidelines to reduce the risks associated with these viruses.
